The working principle of hydraulic press is based on Pascal's law. Pascal's law states that the pressure on a sealed liquid can be transmitted in all directions with a constant magnitude. In hydraulic presses, this principle is used to transmit and amplify force through liquid. Specifically, hydraulic presses use hydrostatic pressure to process products such as metal, plastic, rubber, wood, and powder. It mainly consists of hydraulic pump, integrated plug-in valve block, hydraulic cylinder and other parts. Hydraulic pumps convert mechanical energy into hydraulic pressure energy, which is then distributed to the upper or lower chambers of hydraulic cylinders through valves. The piston inside the hydraulic cylinder moves under the push of high-pressure liquid, thereby achieving the transmission and amplification of force. The application of hydraulic presses is very extensive, commonly used in various processes such as forging, stamping, cold extrusion, straightening, bending, flanging, thin plate deep drawing, powder metallurgy, and press fitting. For example, in the forging and stamping processes, hydraulic presses can provide a larger total pressure, forging hydraulic presses use molds for forging, while free forging hydraulic presses do not require molds
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